舰船尾迹的电磁成像机理及特征提取技术

舰船尾迹是真实海场景中不可缺失的部分，是识别舰船目标的类型、位置、航速和航向信息等特征的重要途径。 本书共8 章，详细阐述了Kelvin 尾迹、含湍流远场综合尾迹、泡沫流尾迹、近场尾迹、内波尾迹和水下运动目标尾迹的几何建模、电磁散射建模和合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像仿真技术；结合计算流体力学（CFD）仿真技术和电磁散射的调制谱优化面元模型，将仿真模型应用于舰船尾迹的SAR 图像特征检测、基于尾迹的舰船目标参数反演和浮标目标隐蔽优化设计工程中。本书构建了一套基于舰船尾迹流场的电磁散射特性分析和雷达图像仿真的系统理论和应用方法，使读者能够通过本书的学习掌握运动舰船尾迹的电磁散射机理和成像仿真方法，灵活解决实际工程问题。 本书适合从事雷达设计与评估、微波遥感、雷达目标与环境特性、电磁成像算法与图像理解的相关科研工作人员阅读，也可作为高等学校相关专业研究生的教学参考用书。

第1 章 舰船尾迹电磁散射的理论基础·········································001
1.1 海浪和舰船尾迹的基本概念········································002
1.1.1 海浪仿真·······················································002
1.1.2 典型海谱函数·················································005
1.1.3 舰船尾迹的基本类型·······································.011
1.2 海面与舰船尾迹电磁散射的计算基础····························017
1.2.1 Bragg 散射理论···············································018
1.2.2 半确定面元散射模型········································020
1.2.3 海面散射场分析··············································023
1.3 本章小结································································026
参考文献······································································027
第2 章 Kelvin 尾迹······························································031
2.1 Kelvin 尾迹流场模型·················································032
2.1.1 船行波基本特征··············································032
2.1.2 Kelvin 尾迹波高场···········································033
2.1.3 Kelvin 尾迹仿真结果········································035
2.2 海面调制理论··························································037
2.2.1 海浪波的流体力学描述·····································037
2.2.2 倾斜调制·······················································038
2.2.3 流体力学调制·················································039
2.2.4 速度聚束调制·················································040
2.2.5 三种调制作用对比···········································041
2.3 速度聚束成像模型与尾迹成像仿真·······························043
2.3.1 实孔径雷达和合成孔径雷达·······························043
2.3.2 Kelvin 尾迹SAR 成像仿真·································045
2.3.3 Kelvin 尾迹SAR 图像特性分析···························048
2.3.4 Kelvin 尾迹中的窄尾迹分量·······························057
2.4 本章小结································································061
参考文献······································································062
第3 章 湍流远场综合尾迹·······················································063
3.1 远场湍流尾迹的流场仿真···········································064
3.1.1 CFD 理论基础·················································065
3.1.2 基于CFD 理论的远场尾迹仿真···························068
3.2 调制谱面元散射模型·················································069
3.2.1 调制谱方程····················································070
3.2.2 调制谱源项····················································071
3.2.3 调制谱的求解·················································075
3.2.4 基于调制谱的海面散射·····································078
3.3 湍流尾迹散射场分析·················································079
3.3.1 尾迹的背景波调制作用·····································079
3.3.2 远场综合尾迹SAR 成像····································083
3.4 本章小结································································087
参考文献······································································087
第4 章 泡沫流尾迹·······························································090
4.1 泡沫流尾迹的理论基础··············································090
4.1.1 泡沫层反射率·················································090
4.1.2 泡沫覆盖率····················································093
4.2 泡沫海面的体散射统计模型········································095
4.2.1 球形气泡的电磁散射特性··································095
4.2.2 散射矩阵·······················································099
4.2.3 泡沫海面体散射的VRT 模型······························104
4.3 泡沫流尾迹的相干散射场模型····································.110
4.3.1 泡沫层的相干散射场模型·································.110
4.3.2 仿真结果与分析·············································.115
4.4 本章小结································································120
参考文献······································································121
第5 章 近场尾迹··································································123
5.1 近场尾迹的几何建模·················································124
5.1.1 尾迹流场仿真设置···········································125
5.1.2 近场尾迹仿真结果···········································126
5.2 近场尾迹电磁散射的算法···········································129
5.2.1 网格转换和消隐处理········································129
5.2.2 迭代物理光学法（IPO）····································131
5.2.3 迭代优化技术·················································133
5.3 近场尾迹的电磁散射特性分析·····································134
5.3.1 FBIPO 算法验证与分析·····································134
5.3.2 近场尾迹电磁散射总场分析·······························136
5.3.3 近场尾迹电磁散射场分布··································139
5.4 本章小结································································143
参考文献······································································143
第6 章 内波尾迹··································································146
6.1 内波尾迹流场特性····················································146
6.1.1 内波尾迹仿真方法···········································146
6.1.2 离散内波层的波动···········································147
6.1.3 扩散内波层的波动···········································151
6.1.4 内波尾迹波高反演···········································156
6.1.5 内波尾迹仿真结果···········································158
6.2 内波尾迹电磁散射计算··············································160
6.2.1 小斜率近似模型··············································160
6.2.2 内波尾迹对海面电磁散射系数的影响····················163
6.2.3 内波尾迹的电磁散射分布与SAR 成像··················172
6.3 本章小节································································182
参考文献······································································183
第7 章 水下运动目标尾迹·······················································185
7.1 水下运动目标尾迹流场仿真········································186
7.1.1 均匀流下的水下运动目标尾迹····························186
7.1.2 内波尾迹与海水密度分层··································193
7.1.3 任意分层条件下的水下运动目标尾迹····················196
7.2 水下运动目标尾迹SAR 成像仿真·································198
7.2.1 水下运动目标尾迹散射场分布····························198
7.2.2 水下运动目标尾迹SAR 成像······························200
7.3 本章小结································································209
参考文献······································································209
第8 章 舰船尾迹检测与特征提取··············································212
8.1 舰船尾迹检测基础····················································212
8.1.1 Radon 变换····················································212
8.1.2 尾迹线性特征增强···········································215
8.1.3 尾迹线性特征检测···········································219
8.2 基于神经网络的尾迹SAR 图像检测······························222
8.2.1 Faster R-CNN··················································222
8.2.2 样本数据处理·················································224
8.2.3 检测结果与分析··············································225
8.3 基于尾迹的舰船参数反演···········································227
8.3.1 基于波幅函数的舰船尺寸反演····························227
8.3.2 基于尾迹图像的舰船航速估计····························229
8.3.3 舰船尾迹空间频谱分量分析·······························231
8.4 基于尾迹的浮标目标隐蔽优化方法·······························235
8.4.1 流场仿真与参数设定········································235
8.4.2 浮标目标的电磁散射特性与SAR 图像··················237
8.4.3 目标尾迹的可探测性评判标准····························241
8.4.4 浮标目标的隐蔽优化方法探讨····························243
8.5 本章小结································································245
参考文献······································································245