绿色设计学

绿色设计是以实现可持续发展和绿色低碳转型为目标，运用生命周期管理、生态足迹核算、自然解决方案等技术方法，对政策、部门、行业、企业、产品进行规划和设计，旨在减少全过程资源能源消耗以及污染物和温室气体排放的一种制度安排与方法创新。本书梳理和总结了近60年来全球经济社会发展、生态环境治理、工业和产品设计的经验教训，系统构建了绿色设计学的基本原理、方法工具以及绿色设计体系，深入阐述了典型工业、产品、基础设施和规划政策的绿色设计方向与内容，最终提出了推进绿色设计发展的治理体系和保障措施。

目录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 绿色设计的提出背景 1
1.1.1 全球环境挑战的加剧 1
1.1.2 全球工业化进程的反思 3
1.1.3 全球技术革命的机遇 4
1.2 绿色设计的概念与内涵 5
1.2.1 绿色设计的定义 5
1.2.2 绿色设计的原则 7
1.3 绿色设计的演进与发展 9
1.3.1 绿色设计的演进阶段 9
1.3.2 绿色设计学的发展 13
参考文献 14
第2章 绿色设计基本原理 16
2.1 绿色设计学理论体系 16
2.1.1 绿色设计的概念 16
2.1.2 设计中“人-物-环境”基本关系 18
2.1.3 绿色设计属性与关系 19
2.1.4 绿色设计理论模型的构建 21
2.1.5 绿色设计主方程的底层逻辑 23
2.1.6 绿色设计学理论架构 25
2.2 可持续性科学原理 27
2.2.1 HDI 27
2.2.2 IPAT 及其扩展模型 29
2.2.3 三重底线 31
2.3 产业生态学原理 33
2.3.1 工业代谢 33
2.3.2 产业共生 38
2.3.3 物质流分析 41
2.4 生命周期原理 43
2.4.1 生命周期概念与原理 44
2.4.2 LCA 47
2.4.3 LCD 52
2.4.4 LCM 56
2.5 人与自然和谐共生理念 59
2.5.1 人与自然和谐共生理念理论基础 59
2.5.2 基于人的优化调控机理 61
2.5.3 基于自然的优化调控机理 63
2.5.4 人本协同原理 64
参考文献 65
第3章 绿色设计方法 67
3.1 绿色设计方法框架 67
3.1.1 绿色设计方法体系 68
3.1.2 绿色设计标准规范 74
3.2 EFP方法 80
3.2.1 EFP演变发展 80
3.2.2 EFP定义内涵 81
3.2.3 EFP核算流程 82
3.2.4 EFP应用导引 84
3.3 NbS方法 85
3.3.1 NbS方法类型 86
3.3.2 NbS设计工具 86
3.3.3 NbS应用导引 88
3.4 LZC方法 89
3.4.1 LZC发展历程 90
3.4.2 LZC设计工具 91
3.4.3 LZC应用导引 92
3.5 GPI方法 95
3.5.1 SC-GPI 96
3.5.2 P-GPI 99
3.5.3 A-GPI 100
3.6 绿色设计AI辅助工具 102
3.6.1 大数据驱动绿色设计 103
3.6.2 DT与VS 104
3.6.3 绿色设计智能体发展 106
参考文献 108
第4章 绿色设计体系 110
4.1 面向可持续发展的绿色设计体系 110
4.1.1 传统设计的绿色变革 111
4.1.2 绿色设计“双向”体系 113
4.1.3 绿色设计“四维”结构 114
4.1.4 “双向”与“四维”的耦合 116
4.2 决策管理绿色设计 117
4.2.1 政策规划 117
4.2.2 标准规范 120
4.2.3 工程建设 121
4.3 部门领域绿色设计 123
4.3.1 农业 124
4.3.2 工业 125
4.3.3 交通运输业 127
4.3.4 旅游业 128
4.3.5 数字与现代服务业 129
4.4 产品功能绿色设计 129
4.4.1 交通工具 131
4.4.2 电子产品 132
4.4.3 家居建材 133
4.4.4 服装纺织 135
4.5 基础设施绿色设计 136
4.5.1 能源基础设施 137
4.5.2 交通基础设施 139
4.5.3 环境基础设施 141
4.5.4 生态基础设施 142
参考文献 144
第5章 工业绿色设计 146
5.1 工业绿色设计框架 146
5.1.1 产业与工业系统 146
5.1.2 工业生产与过程 148
5.1.3 流程工业与离散工业 149
5.1.4 工业绿色设计的定义及关键内涵 150
5.1.5 工业绿色设计的系统框架 157
5.2 钢铁工业绿色设计 159
5.2.1 钢铁工业与环境挑战 159
5.2.2 高炉—转炉流程产业共生 161
5.2.3 氢能炼钢 165
5.2.4 废钢资源回收与再制造 168
5.3 新能源汽车行业绿色设计 170
5.3.1 三链协同的绿色化转型 170
5.3.2 新能源汽车碳足迹管理 174
5.3.3 智能驾驶绿色设计 178
5.3.4 整车绿色制造与品牌设计 180
5.3.5 充换电基础设施绿色化 182
5.3.6 报废回收与资源再生 183
5.4 工业园区绿色设计 185
5.4.1 产业集聚发展与特征 185
5.4.2 工业园区与绿色设计 188
5.4.3 产业共生与基础设施共生 190
5.4.4 典型生态工业园区 193
5.4.5 零碳（工业）园区 197
参考文献 199
第6章 产品绿色设计 205
6.1 产品绿色设计的基本框架 205
6.1.1 产品与绿色设计 206
6.1.2 四象限分类模型 209
6.1.3 四层次系统框架 210
6.2 交通工具的绿色设计 214
6.2.1 交通工具绿色设计解析 214
6.2.2 交通工具绿色设计导引 215
6.2.3 交通工具绿色设计案例 216
6.3 纺织品与服装的绿色设计 220
6.3.1 纺织品与服装绿色设计解析 221
6.3.2 纺织品与服装绿色设计导引 222
6.3.3 纺织品与服装绿色设计案例 223
6.4 家具产品的绿色设计 226
6.4.1 家具产品绿色设计解析 227
6.4.2 家具产品绿色设计导引 228
6.4.3 家具产品绿色设计案例 229
6.5 消费电子产品的绿色设计 233
6.5.1 消费电子产品绿色设计解析 233
6.5.2 消费电子产品绿色设计导引 234
6.5.3 消费电子产品绿色设计案例 234
6.6 产品绿色设计展望 239
6.6.1 挑战与应对 239
6.6.2 重点与方向 244
参考文献 245
第7章 能源低碳绿色设计 247
7.1 能源低碳绿色设计框架 247
7.1.1 能源系统与组成特点 247
7.1.2 能源绿色低碳化内涵 252
7.1.3 能源低碳化与绿色设计 253
7.1.4 能源绿色低碳化设计思路 254
7.2 能源供给侧低碳绿色设计 255
7.2.1 能源供给侧绿色改革 255
7.2.2 清洁能源规模化替代 258
7.2.3 传统能源低碳绿色设计 260
7.3 能源传输与存储低碳绿色设计 264
7.3.1 绿色能源传输技术 264
7.3.2 电力系统灵活性重构 264
7.3.3 储能技术绿色设计 266
7.4 能源需求侧低碳绿色设计 267
7.4.1 工业部门 267
7.4.2 交通部门 268
7.4.3 建筑部门 270
7.4.4 市场调节机制 272
7.5 源网荷储一体化绿色设计 274
7.5.1 源网荷储一体化内涵 274
7.5.2 规划多能互补基地建设 275
7.5.3 多时间尺度储能配置 276
7.5.4 市场价格引导利益分配 277
参考文献 278
第8章 政策绿色设计 281
8.1 政策绿色设计框架与技术 281
8.1.1 政策绿色设计核心理念 281
8.1.2 政策绿色设计逻辑体系 287
8.2 政策绿色与可持续评估 289
8.2.1 政策评估模型构建基础 290
8.2.2 政策绿色与可持续评估的特殊考量 294
8.2.3 政策绿色与可持续评估流程管理 299
8.3 政策绿色与可持续制定 300
8.3.1 制定原则重构 301
8.3.2 政策工具升级 302
8.3.3 政策制度融合设计 304
8.4 政策实施与绿色优化 307
8.4.1 政策执行优化 308
8.4.2 反馈调整系统 309
8.4.3 优化应用支撑系统 310
参考文献 313
第9章 绿色设计治理 314
9.1 构建绿色设计治理体系框架 314
9.1.1 战略定位与目标体系 315
9.1.2 支撑体系和运行逻辑 316
9.1.3 绿色设计治理机制 319
9.2 建立绿色设计法规标准 321
9.2.1 法律法规与政策指引 321
9.2.2 绿色产品设计标准 328
9.2.3 执法司法与标准实施 332
9.3 加快绿色设计科技创新 334
9.3.1 绿色研发与创新平台 334
9.3.2 产研融合与成果转化 336
9.3.3 技术突破与应用示范 337
9.4 加强绿色设计能力建设 339
9.4.1 建立教育与培训体系 339
9.4.2 提升绿色设计机构能力 342
9.4.3 完善国际合作机制 345
9.5 夯实绿色设计激励机制 347
9.5.1 实施财税政策优惠 347
9.5.2 提升绿色金融支持 348
9.5.3 引导绿色采购消费 349
参考文献 350
附录 缩略词 352
后记 357
Postscript 361
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background for Green Design 1
1.1.1 Intensification of Global Environmental Challenges 1
1.1.2 Reflection on the Global Industrialization 3
1.1.3 Opportunities from the Global Technological Revolution 4
1.2 Concept and Connotations of Green Design 5
1.2.1 Definition of Green Design 5
1.2.2 Principles of Green Design 7
1.3 Evolution and Development of Green Design 9
1.3.1 Stages of Green Design Evolution 9
1.3.2 Development of Green Design as a Discipline 13
References 14
Chapter 2 Fundamental Principles of Green Design 16
2.1 Theoretical System of Green Design as a Discipline 16
2.1.1 Concept of Green Design 16
2.1.2 The Human-Product-Environment Relationship in Design 18
2.1.3 Attributes and Relationships of Green Design 19
2.1.4 Establishment of Green Design Theoretical Model 21
2.1.5 Logistics of Green Design Equation 23
2.1.6 Theoretical Framework of Green Design 25
2.2 Principles of Sustainability Science 27
2.2.1 Human Development Index 27
2.2.2 IPAT and Its Extended Models 29
2.2.3 Triple Bottom Lines 31
2.3 Principles of Industrial Ecology 33
2.3.1 Industrial Metabolism 33
2.3.2 Industrial Symbiosis 38
2.3.3 Material Flow Analysis 41
2.4 Life Cycle Principles 43
2.4.1 Life Cycle Concepts and Principles 44
2.4.2 Life Cycle Assessment 47
2.4.3 Life Cycle Design 52
2.4.4 Life Cycle Management 56
2.5 Harmonious Coexistence Between Humanity and Nature 59
2.5.1 Theoretical Basis of Theoretical Foundations of Human-nature Harmony 59
2.5.2 Human-Based Optimization and Regulation Mechanisms 61
2.5.3 Nature-Based Optimization and Regulation Mechanisms 63
2.5.4 Principle of Human-Centered Collaboration 64
References 65
Chapter 3 Green Design Methodologies and Tools 67
3.1 Framework of Green Design Methods 67
3.1.1 Green Design Methodology System 68
3.1.2 Green Design Standards and Specifications 74
3.2 EFP Methods 80
3.2.1 Evolution and Development of EFP 80
3.2.2 Definition and Connotation of EFP 81
3.2.3 EFP Accounting Process 82
3.2.4 EFP Application Guidelines 84
3.3 NbS Methods 85
3.3.1 Types of NbS Methods 86
3.3.2 NbS Design Tools 86
3.3.3 NbS Application Guidelines 88
3.4 LZC Methods 89
3.4.1 Development History of LZC 90
3.4.2 LZC Design Tools 91
3.4.3 LZC Application Guidelines 92
3.5 GPI Methods 95
3.5.1 SC-GPI 96
3.5.2 P-GPI 99
3.5.3 A-GPI 100
3.6 AI-Assisted Green Design Tools 102
3.6.1 Big Data-Driven Green Design 103
3.6.2 DT and VS 104
3.6.3 Development of Green Design Intelligent Agents 106
References 108
Chapter 4 Green Design System 110
4.1 Green Design System for Sustainable Development 110
4.1.1 Green Transformation of Traditional Design 111
4.1.2 The “Two-Way” System of Green Design 113
4.1.3 The “Four-Dimensional” Structure of Green Design 114
4.1.4 Coupling of the “Two-Way” and “Four-Dimensional” Approaches 116
4.2 Green Design for Decision-Making and Management 117
4.2.1 Policy Planning 117
4.2.2 Standard and Specifications 120
4.2.3 Construction Projects 121
4.3 Green Design for Sectors 123
4.3.1 Agriculture Sector 124
4.3.2 Industry Sector 125
4.3.3 Transportation Sector 127
4.3.4 Tourism Sector 128
4.3.5 Digital and Advanced Service Sector 129
4.4 Green Design for Product Functions 129
4.4.1 Transportation Vehicles 131
4.4.2 Electronic Products 132
4.4.3 Home Furnishings and Building Materials 133
4.4.4 Apparel and Textiles 135
4.5 Green Design for Infrastructures 136
4.5.1 Energy Facilities 137
4.5.2 Transportation Facilities 139
4.5.3 Municipal Environmental Facilities 141
4.5.4 Ecological Conservation Facilities 142
References 144
Chapter 5 Industrial Green Design 146
5.1 Framework for Industrial Green Design 146
5.1.1 Industries and Industrial Systems 146
5.1.2 Industrial Production and Processes 148
5.1.3 Process Industry and Discrete Manufacturing Industry 149
5.1.4 Definition and Key Connotations of Industrial Green Design 150
5.1.5 System Framework of Industrial Green Design 157
5.2 Green Design in the Iron and Steel Industry 159
5.2.1 Iron and Steel Industry and Environmental Challenges 159
5.2.2 Industrial Symbiosis in Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace Process 161
5.2.3 Hydrogen-Based Steelmaking 165
5.2.4 Scrap Steel Resource Recovery and Remanufacturing 168
5.3 Green Design in the New Energy Vehicle Industry 170
5.3.1 Green Transformation through Triple-Chain Collaboration 170
5.3.2 Carbon Footprint Management of New Energy Vehicles 174
5.3.3 Green Design for Intelligent Driving 178
5.3.4 Green Manufacturing of Whole Vehicles and Brand Design 180
5.3.5 Greening of Charging and Swapping Infrastructure 182
5.3.6 Scrap Recycling and Resource Regeneration 183
5.4 Green Design for Industrial Parks 185
5.4.1 Industrial Cluster Development and Characteristics 185
5.4.2 Industrial Parks and Green Design 188
5.4.3 Industrial Symbiosis and Infrastructure Symbiosis 190
5.4.4 Typical Eco-Industrial Parks 193
5.4.5 Zero-Carbon Industrial Parks 197
References 199
Chapter 6 Product Green Design 205
6.1 Framework of Product Green Design 205
6.1.1 Products and Green Design 206
6.1.2 Four-Quadrant Classification Model 209
6.1.3 Four-Level System Framework 210
6.2 Green Design for Transportation Vehicles 214
6.2.1 Analysis of Green Design in Transportation Vehicles 214
6.2.2 Green Design Guidelines in Transportation Vehicles 215
6.2.3 Green Design Cases in Transportation Vehicles 216
6.3 Green Design for Apparel and Textiles 220
6.3.1 Analysis of Green Design in Apparel and Textiles 221
6.3.2 Green Design Guidelines in Apparel and Textiles 222
6.3.3 Green Design Cases in Apparel and Textiles 223
6.4 Green Design for Furniture Products 226
6.4.1 Analysis of Green Design in Furniture Products 227
6.4.2 Green Design Guidelines in Furniture Products 228
6.4.3 Green Design Cases in Furniture Products 229
6.5 Green Design for Consumer Electronic Products 233
6.5.1 Analysis of Green Design in Electronic Products 233
6.5.2 Green Design Guidelines in Electronic Products 234
6.5.3 Green Design Cases in Electronic Products 234
6.6 Future Outlook for Product Green Design 239
6.6.1 Challenges and Responses 239
6.6.2 Key Focus and Directions 244
References 245
Chapter 7 Low-Carbon Green Design for Energy Infrastructure 247
7.1 Framework for Low-Carbon Green Design in Energy 247
7.1.1 Energy Systems and Their Compositional Characteristics 247
7.1.2 Connotation of Energy Greening and Low-Carbonization 252
7.1.3 Energy Low-Carbonization and Green Design 253
7.1.4 Design Approaches for Low-Carbon Green Energy 254
7.2 Low-Carbon Green Design for Energy Supply Side 255
7.2.1 Green Reform of the Energy Supply Side 255
7.2.2 Large-Scale Replacement by Clean Energy 258
7.2.3 Low-Carbon Green Design in Traditional Energy 260
7.3 Green Design for Energy Transmission and Storage 264
7.3.1 Green Energy Transmission Technologies 264
7.3.2 Flexibility Reconstruction of Power Systems 264
7.3.3 Green Design in Energy Storage Technologies 266
7.4 Low-Carbon Green Design for Energy Demand Side 267
7.4.1 Industrial Sector 267
7.4.2 Transportation Sector 268
7.4.3 Building Sector 270
7.4.4 Market Regulation Mechanisms 272
7.5 Integrated Green Design for Source-Grid-Load-Storage 274
7.5.1 Connotation of Source-Grid-Load-Storage Integration 274
7.5.2 Planning of Multi-Energy Complementary Base Construction 275
7.5.3 Multi-Time and Multi-Scale Energy Storage Configuration 276
7.5.4 Market Price-Guided Benefit Distribution 277
References 278
Chapter 8 Policy Green Design 281
8.1 Framework and Techniques of Policy Green Design 281
8.1.1 Core Concepts of Policy Green Design 281
8.1.2 Logical System of Policy Green Design 287
8.2 Green and Sustainable Evaluation of Policy 289
8.2.1 Establishment of Policy Evaluation Model 290
8.2.2 Considerations of Green and Sustainability Evaluation of Policy
294
8.2.3 Process Management of Green and Sustainable Evaluation 299
8.3 Green and Sustainable Formulation of Policy 300
8.3.1 Restructuring Policy-making Principles 301
8.3.2 Upgrading Green Policy Tools 302
8.3.3 Integrating Green Design Systems 304
8.4 Policy Implementation and Green Optimization 307
8.4.1 Optimization of Execution Systems 308
8.4.2 Feedback and Adjustment Systems 309
8.4.3 Optimization of Supporting Systems 310
References 313
Chapter 9 Green Design Governance 314
9.1 Building a Green Design Governance Framework 314
9.1.1 Strategic Positioning and Goal System 315
9.1.2 Support Systems and Operational Logic 316
9.1.3 Green Design Governance Mechanisms 319
9.2 Establishing a Green Design Legal and Standards System 321
9.2.1 Laws, Regulations, and Policy Guidance 321
9.2.2 Green Product Design Standards 328
9.2.3 Law Enforcement and Standard Implementation 332
9.3 Accelerating Green Design Technological Innovation 334
9.3.1 Green R&D and Innovation Platforms 334
9.3.2 Integration of Industry and Research Institution 336
9.3.3 Technical Breakthrough and Application Demonstration 337
9.4 Strengthening Green Design Capacity Building 339
9.4.1 Establishing Education and Training Systems 339
9.4.2 Enhancing Design Institution Capabilities 342
9.4.3 Improving International Cooperation Mechanisms 345
9.5 Strengthening Green Design Incentive Mechanisms 347
9.5.1 Implementing Fiscal and Tax Policy Incentives 347
9.5.2 Enhancing Green Financial Support 348
9.5.3 Guiding Green Procurement and Consumption 349
References 350
Appendix Abbreviations 352
Postscript 357