发电厂和变电站电磁兼容导则

本导则对发电厂和变电站的电磁骚扰源、骚扰的耦合路径和抑制骚扰的措施等各方面进行了详细介绍，比较全面地论述了发电厂和变电站的电磁兼容问题，对电力设计、施工和运行维护等有关的工程技术人员都是一份的参考资料。
本导则共分7 章，第1章进行了概述，第2章描述术语、符号和缩略语，第3章详细描述骚扰源，第4章测定和量化干扰水平，第5章介绍耦合机理与抑制方法，第6章介绍了实验室和现场的测试、验收标准 ，第7章介绍了设备设计、现场安装等实际应用。

译者序
1
概述 ······················································································· 1
1.1 背景介绍 ··········································································· 2
1.2 导则概览 ··········································································· 3
2
定义、计量单位和缩略语 ···························································· 5
2.1 基本概念 ··········································································· 6
2.2 干扰控制 ··········································································· 8
2.3 骚扰波形 ··········································································· 9
2.4 骚扰 ················································································· 9
2.5 搭接与接地 ······································································· 10
2.6 计量单位及相关符号 ··························································· 11
2.7 缩略语 ············································································· 12
参考文献 ················································································· 15
3
骚扰源 ··················································································· 16
3.1 概述 ················································································ 17
3.2 高压电路中开关操作引起的暂态现象 ······································ 17
3.3 高压电路中绝缘击穿、避雷器和火花间隙放电引起的暂态现象 ····· 22
3.4 高压装置产生的工频电磁场 ·················································· 22
3.5 接地系统中雷电和短路电流引起的电位升高 ····························· 26
3.6 雷电引起的电气暂态现象 ····················································· 27
3.7 低压设备开关操作引起的电快速瞬变 ······································ 34
3.8 静电放电 ·········································································· 37
3.9 无线电发射装置产生的高频场 ·············································· 40
3.10 来自电气或电子设备的无线电频率 ······································· 41
3.11 来自电网的低频骚扰 ························································· 42
3.12 核电磁脉冲 ····································································· 42
3.13 地磁干扰 ········································································ 44
3.14 附录A ··········································································· 47
3.15 附录B ··········································································· 51
参考文献 ················································································ 52
4
电磁骚扰的特征 ······································································ 55
4.1 高压变电站内的电磁骚扰水平 ·············································· 56
4.2 发电厂内的骚扰水平 ·························································· 69
4.3 EMC 环境 ········································································ 72
4.4 骚扰的现场实例 ································································ 74
4.5 附录 ·············································································· 109
参考文献 ··············································································· 124
5
耦合机理及减缓方法 ······························································· 128
5.1 一般的耦合模型与减缓办法 ················································ 129
5.2 基于电路理论的简化耦合模型及相关减缓方法 ························ 132
5.3 电缆屏蔽层的接地 ···························································· 162
5.4 外壳屏蔽 ········································································ 169
5.5 电磁兼容的搭接网及其与接地网的连接 ································· 180
5.6 附录 ·············································································· 184
参考文献 ··············································································· 193

6
实验室试验和现场试验以及干扰对系统运行的影响 ························ 196
6.1 电子设备和系统的实验室EMC 测试 ····································· 197
6.2 抗扰度试验时可接受的设备性能降级 ···································· 207
6.3 整套装置的现场电磁兼容测试 ············································· 213
参考文献 ··············································································· 218
7
工程实施 ·············································································· 222
7.1 设计过程和设施概述 ························································· 223
7.2 接地、搭接和电缆敷设的原则 ············································· 229
7.3 高压变电站导则 ······························································· 236
7.4 发电厂导则 ····································································· 262
7.5 电磁兼容费用 ·································································· 269
7.6 EMC 管理和与EMC 缺陷相关的风险评估 ······························ 272
7.7 未来发展 ········································································ 272
参考文献 ··············································································· 274